Evaluation a2 coursework
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Thursday, 29 April 2010
Tuesday, 20 April 2010
Types of newspapers
A newspaper is a printed periodical whose purpose is to deliver news and other information such as crime, sports etc in an up-to-date, factual manner. Newspapers appear most commonly in daily editions, but may also be issued twice a day or weekly. While the content of a newspaper varies, it generally consists of a predetermined combination of news, opinions, business, editorails and advertising. The editorial section is written by reporters and other journalists at writing about a specific topic and expressing thier views on it. There are two types of advertising that occurs in newspapers such as classified and display ads. Display advertising is a type of advertising that typically contains text, logos, images etc. In contrast, classified ads are text-only, and is available in a limited selection of typefaces and fonts.
National Newspapers
A national newspaper is one that circulates throughout the country whereas local newspaper is limited to a specific geographical area. There are many types of national newspapers circulating the UK such as The Independent, The Times, The Guardian, The Observer, Sunday Mirror and The Daily Mirror.
Daily Newspapers
A daily newspaper is published every day, except Sundays or bank holidays. Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily newspapers is larger which contains specialised sections and advertising which tends to be more expensive. Most daily newspapers are published in the morning. Afternoon or evening periodicals are targeted at commuters and office workers.
National Newspapers
A national newspaper is one that circulates throughout the country whereas local newspaper is limited to a specific geographical area. There are many types of national newspapers circulating the UK such as The Independent, The Times, The Guardian, The Observer, Sunday Mirror and The Daily Mirror.
Daily Newspapers
A daily newspaper is published every day, except Sundays or bank holidays. Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily newspapers is larger which contains specialised sections and advertising which tends to be more expensive. Most daily newspapers are published in the morning. Afternoon or evening periodicals are targeted at commuters and office workers.
The background to newspaper
There are different types of newspapers such as weeky, daily, national and local. A newspaper is a publication containing news, information, and advertising. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports. Most traditional papers such as Times and Independent features an editorial page containing columns that expresses views of the writers.
Newspapers are most often published on a daily or weekly basis, and they usually focus on one specific geographical area where most of their readers live. Although there are decrease in newspaper sales, circulation and profits, newspapers are still the most iconic mode for obtaining news.
While most newspapers are aimed at a broad audience, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers.
In the area in which I my newspaper is based which is Salford there are two types of local newspapers such as Manchester Evening News and the Salford Advertiser.
Newspapers are most often published on a daily or weekly basis, and they usually focus on one specific geographical area where most of their readers live. Although there are decrease in newspaper sales, circulation and profits, newspapers are still the most iconic mode for obtaining news.
While most newspapers are aimed at a broad audience, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers.
In the area in which I my newspaper is based which is Salford there are two types of local newspapers such as Manchester Evening News and the Salford Advertiser.
More research into newspaper front pages
According to my research the I have found out that the front page of newspaper involves ''three principles of composition'' which is ''information value'', ''salience and framing''. These three concepts apply not just to single pictures, but apply to composite visuals, visual which combine text and image, as well as other graphic elements. (Kress & Van Leeuwen 2006). The layout is to grab the readers’ eyes by using the colour, relative size and so on. According to Wheildon (1990), "an eye-catching illustration and thought-provoking headline have attracted the attention of one million readers." For example, the newspape contains a large headline, sometimes larger than the picture with a coloured central image. Salience means the elements of a layout is made to attract readers’ attention to different degrees, as placement in the background, relative size, contrasts in tonal value or colour, differences in sharpness, and so on. (Kress & Van Leeuwen 1998). Sometimes, soft news such as celebrity gossips becomes popular as the headlines in the front page newspaper can attract large readers than the hard news such as crimes. However, I disagree with this, and think that newspapers reporting crimes can attract the audeince too as it affects people's lives in some way living in the local area. I have decided to report hard news because it impacts on the lives of others living in the local community.
Product placement
Newspapers are the traditional source of receiving news about the world. However, the recent emergence of technological inventions such as the IPhone, and the internet, means that you can get the news from anywhere. Newspapers still remains in the market, and people still read them. The local newspapers are delivered free through the door which is an advantage as you would not have to go out and purchase them from shops. Newspapers are easily accessible and available everywhere such as corner shops; petrol stations, supermarkets, and they can also be ordered or delivered to your door. I feel this is why newspapers are so popular. The newspaper website can also be visited for regular updates. My local newspaper would be put through the consumer’s doors for free of charge. To generate extra profits I will charge 30p for the paper in all the local corner shops and supermarkets in Eccles and Salford as these are the locations of the newspaper.
In the UK newspaper sales are reaching an all time low. The fragmenting media landscape, in particular the growth of the internet and emergence of technological invention, has put huge pressure on newspaper sales as people now can depend on technology to receive news, such as through the IPhone, newspaper websites. Despite this, the newspaper sector is a dynamic one that still commands the daily loyalty of many millions of people. The challenge for the newspaper industry is how to reposition itself for life in the online world. There will be a role for the printed newspaper, but exactly what that role will be is still uncertain. By reading the information above, I still firmly believe that there is a large audience to target and that my local newspaper can be successful in my local area. Local newspapers are delivered through the door free of charge, whereas national newspapers needs to be paid for and are paid to be delivered. This makes local newspapers very easily accessible and easy for me to target. Local papers in general are printed on a weekly basis; they are then distributed the next day or a few days after they are printed, they will then arrive in the shops and either are sold at a fairly low cost, or be delivered by the shop or company to people’s houses.
Newspapers are the traditional source of receiving news about the world. However, the recent emergence of technological inventions such as the IPhone, and the internet, means that you can get the news from anywhere. Newspapers still remains in the market, and people still read them. The local newspapers are delivered free through the door which is an advantage as you would not have to go out and purchase them from shops. Newspapers are easily accessible and available everywhere such as corner shops; petrol stations, supermarkets, and they can also be ordered or delivered to your door. I feel this is why newspapers are so popular. The newspaper website can also be visited for regular updates. My local newspaper would be put through the consumer’s doors for free of charge. To generate extra profits I will charge 30p for the paper in all the local corner shops and supermarkets in Eccles and Salford as these are the locations of the newspaper.
In the UK newspaper sales are reaching an all time low. The fragmenting media landscape, in particular the growth of the internet and emergence of technological invention, has put huge pressure on newspaper sales as people now can depend on technology to receive news, such as through the IPhone, newspaper websites. Despite this, the newspaper sector is a dynamic one that still commands the daily loyalty of many millions of people. The challenge for the newspaper industry is how to reposition itself for life in the online world. There will be a role for the printed newspaper, but exactly what that role will be is still uncertain. By reading the information above, I still firmly believe that there is a large audience to target and that my local newspaper can be successful in my local area. Local newspapers are delivered through the door free of charge, whereas national newspapers needs to be paid for and are paid to be delivered. This makes local newspapers very easily accessible and easy for me to target. Local papers in general are printed on a weekly basis; they are then distributed the next day or a few days after they are printed, they will then arrive in the shops and either are sold at a fairly low cost, or be delivered by the shop or company to people’s houses.
Local newspapers are split into different sections which are listed below: -
Local stories realting to the local community.
A property section, with local houses for sale.-
A job section advertising local jobs from all different sectors.
Classified advertisements.
A job section advertising local jobs from different sectors.
Local stories realting to the local community.
A property section, with local houses for sale.-
A job section advertising local jobs from all different sectors.
Classified advertisements.
A job section advertising local jobs from different sectors.
Below is the list of general conventions that occurs in a national or a local newspaper:
- - A masthead is the title block which includes the name of the newspaper; this is important part of branding for the newspaper, to get the name across to the readers and to establish their identity.
A banner headline is the main statement which spans the full width of the page; this is to attract the attention of the readers to a specific article.
- There is normally a by line in a newspaper which states the name of the writer/journalist of the article. This is usually beneath the article.
Newspapers employ images and photograogh which are used to grab and attract the attention of the readers and to set the tone of the accompanying article. It may or may not be linked to the main article and is usually in colour.
There are always captions in newspaper, the words below a photograph which offers meaning or defines the photograph in some way. -
A strap line is an introductory statement which is positioned below the main headline. The strap line gives the readers a summary or a general insight to what the article is about. This then encourages the readers to read the rest of the article.
A stand first is the first paragraph of an article. It may be in bold print (font) and / or the first words may be capitalized. This is to show the importance of the opening words and paragraph of the article.
Finally there is a splash in most newspapers, which is the main story on the front page; this is the big and main news printed in that paper. A splash continues on a few pages into the newspaper.
There are always pugs in newspapers which is placed in the primary optical area which are very important to catch the eye of the reader at the top left and top right of the page. They are used to show the date and price of the newspaper, and therefore are important so the readers know how much to pay to purchase the paper.
- - A masthead is the title block which includes the name of the newspaper; this is important part of branding for the newspaper, to get the name across to the readers and to establish their identity.
A banner headline is the main statement which spans the full width of the page; this is to attract the attention of the readers to a specific article.
- There is normally a by line in a newspaper which states the name of the writer/journalist of the article. This is usually beneath the article.
Newspapers employ images and photograogh which are used to grab and attract the attention of the readers and to set the tone of the accompanying article. It may or may not be linked to the main article and is usually in colour.
There are always captions in newspaper, the words below a photograph which offers meaning or defines the photograph in some way. -
A strap line is an introductory statement which is positioned below the main headline. The strap line gives the readers a summary or a general insight to what the article is about. This then encourages the readers to read the rest of the article.
A stand first is the first paragraph of an article. It may be in bold print (font) and / or the first words may be capitalized. This is to show the importance of the opening words and paragraph of the article.
Finally there is a splash in most newspapers, which is the main story on the front page; this is the big and main news printed in that paper. A splash continues on a few pages into the newspaper.
There are always pugs in newspapers which is placed in the primary optical area which are very important to catch the eye of the reader at the top left and top right of the page. They are used to show the date and price of the newspaper, and therefore are important so the readers know how much to pay to purchase the paper.
Codes and Conventions
Codes are systems of signs which create meaning. Codes can be divided into two categories – technical and symbolic: - Technical codes are used to tell the story in a media text, for example the font and font size and colours in a newspaper.- Symbolic codes are the hidden meaning, what is beneath the surface of what we see. For example, the size of the text in a newspaper can reveal its importance.
Conventions are the generally accepted ways of doing something. There are general conventions in any medium, such as the use of interviewee quotes in a print article, but conventions can also be genre specific.Codes and conventions are used together in any study of genre – it is not enough to discuss a technical code used such the font in a newspaper, without saying how it is conventionally used in a genre.
Conventions are the generally accepted ways of doing something. There are general conventions in any medium, such as the use of interviewee quotes in a print article, but conventions can also be genre specific.Codes and conventions are used together in any study of genre – it is not enough to discuss a technical code used such the font in a newspaper, without saying how it is conventionally used in a genre.
Further Research of Newspapers
Newspaper Identity
Whether it is a national, local, tabloid or broadsheet, each newspaper has its own identity. Newspaper employs its own specific codes and conventions to create their identity. For instance, The Sun has defined its own position within the genre of tabloid newspapers, defining and exploiting its own particular codes and conventions within the genre of national tabloid newspaper. It remains secure within its own, clearly established, ideological position. However, newspapers such as The Wiltshire Times which is a local newspaper uses codes and conventions of national tabloid newspapers. This is to achieve a particular identity within its local market. There is a conflict between this attempt to operate as a national tabloid and its identity as a local newspaper, reporting on local issues. The audience for The Sun and The Wiltshire Times may overlap but the audience for The Wiltshire Times may be seen as educated, traditional from the middle class and affluent.
The key conventions of the popular press are common to all newspapers; however, the way they are employed is quite distinct from the quality press. Typically, front pages are designed to grab attention and generate the audience’s interest and use short, bold headlines and an enlarged dramatic central image. Even within the popular press itself, there is variety and difference between titles. Newspapers use a mix of snatched and posed photography and images can be cropped or enlarged using various technologies such as Photoshop. The way a picture is positioned and the accompanying caption are all part of a number of factors that can affect the audience’s interpretation of an image.
Whether it is a national, local, tabloid or broadsheet, each newspaper has its own identity. Newspaper employs its own specific codes and conventions to create their identity. For instance, The Sun has defined its own position within the genre of tabloid newspapers, defining and exploiting its own particular codes and conventions within the genre of national tabloid newspaper. It remains secure within its own, clearly established, ideological position. However, newspapers such as The Wiltshire Times which is a local newspaper uses codes and conventions of national tabloid newspapers. This is to achieve a particular identity within its local market. There is a conflict between this attempt to operate as a national tabloid and its identity as a local newspaper, reporting on local issues. The audience for The Sun and The Wiltshire Times may overlap but the audience for The Wiltshire Times may be seen as educated, traditional from the middle class and affluent.
The key conventions of the popular press are common to all newspapers; however, the way they are employed is quite distinct from the quality press. Typically, front pages are designed to grab attention and generate the audience’s interest and use short, bold headlines and an enlarged dramatic central image. Even within the popular press itself, there is variety and difference between titles. Newspapers use a mix of snatched and posed photography and images can be cropped or enlarged using various technologies such as Photoshop. The way a picture is positioned and the accompanying caption are all part of a number of factors that can affect the audience’s interpretation of an image.
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